What to do when a child suffers abdominal trauma

Children are naturally active and abdominal blows are common: bicycle falls, playground accidents, soccer hits, or even falls from the bed. Most are minor, but some can cause internal injuries that require immediate attention.

Why are children more vulnerable?

Children's abdomens are more susceptible to injuries than adults' because:

• Less muscle mass in the abdominal wall
• Proportionally larger organs (especially liver and spleen)
• More flexible ribs that offer less protection
• More exposed bladder as it sits higher in the abdomen

Warning signs

After an abdominal blow, you should go to the emergency room if your child shows:

• Abdominal pain that worsens over hours (not improves)
• Persistent vomiting
• Paleness or cold sweating
• Abdominal distension (swollen abdomen)
• Blood in urine (pink or red urine)
• Shoulder pain (may indicate spleen injury)
• Dizziness or weakness (may indicate internal bleeding)

What to do immediately?

• Do not give food or drink until evaluated by a doctor
• Do not give medication that may mask symptoms
• Keep the child at rest and calm
• Go to the emergency room if there are any warning signs
• Observe for 24-48 hours even if the blow seems minor

What does the pediatric surgeon do?

In case of significant abdominal trauma:

• Complete clinical evaluation and stabilization
• Imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scan) to identify injuries
• Hospital observation when organ injury is suspected
• Surgery only when strictly necessary — many spleen and liver injuries are treated without operating

Prevention

• Always use seat belts and appropriate car seats
• Supervise activities in parks and play areas
• Teach safety rules in contact sports
• Use age-appropriate sports protection

When in doubt, it is always better to consult. A trauma that seems minor can have consequences if not properly evaluated.